Introduction to programming
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++



Laboratories 
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.. list-table:: Another resources....
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    :header-rows: 1

    * - Problem
      - Laboratory
    * - Slides
      - `Introductory slides <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/To-load-to-ai-page.pdf>`_
    * - Introductory
      - `Intro 1 <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Introduction_python(ai_page).ipynb>`_
    * - Loops
      - `Loops lab <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Loops(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Count vocals
      - `Count vocal <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Count_vocals(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Problems 
      - `Problems I  <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Excersices(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Factorial
      - `Factorial & Combination <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Factorial_Permutation_Combination(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Prime number
      - `Prime number <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Primo(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Matrix operations
      - `Matrix lab operations <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Matrix_operations(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Collatz
      - `Collatz lab <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/collatz(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Binary search
      - `Binary search lab <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Binary_search(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Cesar cypher
      - `Lab cesar cypher <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Cesar_cripto(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Stop words
      - `Stop words lab <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/Stopwords(BIT).ipynb>`_
    * - Matrix diagonal
      - `Matrix lab II <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/tallerDiagonales(BIT).ipynb>`_




History
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Programming is exciting field, ``OOP`` is a revolutionary concept.

There are important person we are begin with womans:



Ada lovelace
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. image:: /Courses/images/Ada.jpg

Was a revolutionary woman!


Python
-------------------------------------------------------------------

Is a programming language open source.



Data structures 
----------------------------------------------------------------------

The list are properly structures to keep information


List
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

List will be useful to keep our information.

code::

    data =  [0.5, 0.1]
    data2 = [True, False]
    data3 = ['on', 'off']
    data4 = [0.01, True, 'False']

This is an very flexible structure.

code::

    data = ['Up', 'left', 'right', 'down']

We can *indexing* to select a particular object in the list using a index as position (starting with 0).

for instance

code::

    data[0] # Return the first element -> 'Up'
    data[1] # Return the second element -> 'left'



Sometimes you can uses the append method to add information a list.

code::

    data = [] # Empty initialization
    data.append(1)
    data.append(True)
    print(data) # Will return [1,True]



tuple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Similar to lists.


Dictionaries 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Dictionary is extremly useful structure 

code::

    data  = {'key1':[True, False], 'key2':[1,0]}

Composode of *keys* and *value key*.



Loops
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The loops allow us execute a sentence  n-times or a number of times (?) until a condition  is reached.
In the case that we known which is the number of times that that is needed execute the setence will used *for* 
unlike *while* will be used:


while
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Think in box process,

hint: Draw the boxeses.

code::

    i  = 0   # Initialize the number.
    while i < 10:  # The loop will be executed until the number is lesser than 10.
        print(i)   # Shows the number on screen.
        i = i + 1  # Update i each time that the loop is executed increase 1 to the current value of i.


Note that the condition is that i be lesser than 10, when i be equal to 10 then the 
expression 10 < 10 will return a False. Therefore, the loop not will be executed


for
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

this  is a particular case of while.

code::

    for i in range(0,10): 
    print(i) # will be executed the number from zero to nine.

All loop for could be constructed with while.




Functions
--------------------------------------------------------

It is important remark the *def* is a keyword and will be used to define a function.


definition
-------------------------------------------

Here is a definition of code::

    def h(x):
    return ENTROPY

lambda Functions
-------------------------------------------

This kind of functions are very practical.

code::

    lambda x: x**2




Work : 

Review the following nobteook

`Homework 1: <https://github.com/it-ces/PUBLIC-AI/blob/main/Short-labs/built_in_fnt.ipynb>_`